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We establish custody arrangements and court orders that prioritize children's wellbeing while protecting your parental rights.
Every family law matter is unique. We take the time to understand your goals, explain your options in plain language, and develop a strategy that protects both your rights and your wellbeing.
We craft parenting arrangements that prioritise the welfare of each child, using child-inclusive practices, negotiated parenting plans, or court-ordered consent orders tailored to complex family dynamics.
Principal Lawyer
Lingyu (Gloria) Zhao
Principal Family Lawyer
Gloria Zhao is an Australian-qualified family law solicitor with over eight years of experience guiding clients through complex property, parenting and cross-border disputes. She has acted in more than 1,600 matters and is known for strategic, results-driven advocacy.
Beyond the courtroom, Gloria is committed to legal education. She regularly creates bilingual family law content to help the community understand their rights and make confident decisions.
Common Questions
What is a Parenting Plan?
A Parenting Plan is a written agreement between parents about the care arrangements for their children after separation. It is made outside of court without the need for lawyers or judicial approval.
What is the difference between a Parenting Plan and Parenting Consent Orders?
A Parenting Plan is an informal private agreement that is not legally enforceable in court. Parenting Consent Orders are court-approved orders that have the force of law and can be enforced if breached.
Do we need to go to court to make parenting arrangements?
No, many parents reach agreements privately or through mediation without involving the court. Court is typically a last resort when parents cannot agree.
Is a Parenting Plan legally binding?
No, a Parenting Plan is not legally enforceable. However, it can be evidence of your agreed intentions and may be considered by a court if disputes arise later.
What does the court prioritise in children's custody cases?
The court's paramount consideration is the best interests of the child (FAMILY LAW ACT 1975 - SECT 60CA). This overrides all other considerations including parents' wishes.
What factors are included in 'best interests'?
Factors include: the benefit of having a meaningful relationship with both parents; protecting the child from harm, abuse, neglect or family violence; the child's views (depending on maturity); the child's relationship with each parent and other important people; the practical difficulty and expense of the child spending time with each parent.
Does the child need to express their own views?
The child doesn't have to, but the court will consider the child's views if they are mature enough. The weight given to the child's views depends on their age and maturity.
Do parenting arrangements have to be 50/50?
No, there is no presumption of equal time. The court considers what arrangement is in the child's best interests, which may or may not be equal time.
Does family violence affect parenting arrangements?
Yes, significantly. The court must consider protecting children from harm caused by family violence. A history of violence can affect both the time spent and the type of care arrangements.
Can a child travel between two countries?
Yes, but this requires either both parents' consent or a court order. The court will consider the child's best interests and any flight risks.
Can one parent permanently relocate overseas or interstate with the child?
Only with the other parent's consent or a court order. Relocation cases are complex and the court must be satisfied it's in the child's best interests.
Can Parenting Consent Orders be modified?
Yes, if there has been a significant change in circumstances. Either parent can apply to the court to vary the orders.
Can we just sign a Parenting Plan without making Consent Orders?
Yes, you can. However, a Parenting Plan cannot be legally enforced if the other parent doesn't follow it. For enforceability, you need Consent Orders.
Does the court favour mothers?
No, Australian family law does not favour either parent based on gender. The focus is entirely on what is in the best interests of the child.
When should I seek a family lawyer?
Consider seeking legal advice when: negotiations are difficult; there is family violence; complex assets are involved; international elements exist; or you need help understanding your rights and options.
Do parenting orders include child support?
No, parenting orders deal with care arrangements. Child support is a separate matter dealt with through Services Australia or a private agreement.
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